「第11回 錯視・錯聴コンテスト2019」に研究員のラナ・シナパヤが出展した作品「ベンハムモンスター錯視（Monstre Benham Illusion）」が入賞しました。
研究員のラナ・シナパヤが日本基礎心理学会が主催する「第11回 錯視・錯聴コンテスト2019」へ出展している作品のご紹介を致します。画像をクリックするとアニメーション効果をご覧いただけます。
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Illusion 1: 回る中骨の錯視
作品紹介
Illusion 2: ゴースト線路の錯視
Illusion 3: コントラストの錯視
Illusion 4: ベンハムモンスター錯視（Monstre Benham Illusion）
白と黒だけで描かれた円盤が回転したときに色の知覚が生じることがあります。これは主観色と呼ばれ、ドイツの物理学者であるグスタフ・フェヒナーによって発見されました。ベンハムの独楽はその代表例です。今回私たちは独楽の回転運動を、パラパラ漫画を実現するための装置と解釈し、一連の作品を作り上げました。提出した３つのすべてのバリエーションでは、Mask・Image 1・Image 2・Image 3の順にループ提示されます。Maskは黒か赤、Imageも黒か赤です（下図参照）。３つのImageは同じ色で提示されますが、それぞれ異なる色として認識されます。例えば、Monstre Benham 1では、赤色のImageが、オレンジ色、ピンク色、赤色という風に異なる色に見えます。MaskとImageを黒に統一したMonstre Benham 3が、オリジナルのベンハムの独楽に最も近い構成です。Maskの色、Imageの色や形を工夫することで、楽しい錯視をどんどん作れると思います。gifアニメーションですので、ChromeなどのWebブラウザーで鑑賞することができます。
The "Monstre Benham Illusion" won 2nd place at the "11th Visual Illusion and Auditory Illusion Contest 2019".
Lana Sinapayen (CSL / ELSI) and Pr. Eiji Watanabe (National Institute for Basic Biology) have been creating new visual illusions based on their common work. 4 of these illusions have been submitted to the 11th Visual Illusion and Auditory Illusion Contest in Japan
Please enjoy the animations below!
/!\ CAUTION: FLASHING CONTENTS /!\
Do not proceed below if you are epileptic or subject to seizures.
Illusion 1: Rotating Fishbone Illusion
The static image of the colored “fishbone”, which appears to pulse slightly, was not created by the authors
(public domain image: https://publicdomainvectors.org/en/free-clipart/Prismatic-colorful-vortex/78308.html).
Click on the image to see the animation.
When the image is dynamically displayed between a black mask and a white mask, the illusion is strongly enhanced and the fishbones appear to rotate at high speed. A large number of illusions can be greatly enhanced with this “black mask/image/white mask” method, including most “illusory motion” illusions such as the Rotating Snakes Illusion and its variations, or the Frazer spiral illusions.
In the animation, the following 3 frames are simply looping:
Illusion 2: Ghost Railway Illusion
A static image of a train (created by the authors) is dynamically presented between a black mask and a white mask. A diffuse gray pattern appears to be moving in the vertical white space between the rails.
Click on the image to see the animation.
The static image is inspired partly from the Rotating Snakes Illusion, and the rails appear to be slightly moving in opposite directions. Although the vertical lines and the white horizontal lines are the same white color, the vertical lines appear “whiter”. Some illusory black dots are also visible, as in the Grid Illusion (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_illusion). However, when the image is presented between a black mask and a white mask, the white vertical lines appear grey in some places. This could be understood as an enhanced version of the Grid Illusion.
Illusion 3: Contrast Illusion
The illusion has 2 main components: The eyes and the whiskers.
Click on the image to see the animation.
(1) The eyes are 2 squares that simultaneously alternate between black and white. An illusory pulsating “dark halo” appears around the left eye, while an illusory “pale halo” appears around the right eye. This difference in the contrast of the halos is caused by the difference in background color.
To verify that the halos are not an artifact of the video, we can hide one of the rabbit’s square eyes with one of our fingers or with a piece of cardboard, while leaving the border of the square visible. When we cannot see the pulsating square, the halo “disappears”.
(2) The nose is crossed by 2 whiskers that are both consistently 1 px wide, yet the thickness of the whiskers appear different in the middle of the image where they cross the right and left part of the nose. The middle-left part of the whiskers appears thicker than the rest of the left whiskers; the middle-right part of the whiskers appears thinner than the rest of the right part.
This illusion is particularly visible when comparing the middle-left and middle-right parts together. The difference in perceived thickness is due to the order of the black and white masks.
Black mask -> whisker -> white mask: perceived thin whisker
White mask -> whisker -> black mask: perceived thick whisker.
Looping frames:
Illusion 4: Monstre Benham Illusion
Then Benham Top is a black and white top that, when rotating, causes people to perceive illusory colors like red or blue. Illusory colors were first discovered by the German physicist Gustav Fechner, and the Benham top was built by the English journalist Charles Benham.
We have implemented a version of the Benham top that instead of spinning, works like a flip book.
The 3 versions presented here are loops of the form "Mask・Image 1・Image 2・Image 3". The mask can be black or red, and the images can also be black or red outlines.
In a given loop, all 3 images are the same color, be we perceive them as different colors.
In the first example (Monstre Benham 1), the red images are perceived respectively as orange, pink, and red. In the second example (Monstre Benham 2), the black images are perceived respectively as red, blue, and black. The last example (Monstre Benham 3), which consists only of black and white images, is the closest to the Benham top.
monstre_benham_1 monstre_benham_2 monstre_benham_3
Click on the image to see the animation.
