You can find an article by Hiroaki Kitano in the latest "AI Magazine" Spring 2016, published by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI).

Artificial Intelligence to Win the Nobel Prize and Beyond: Creating the Engine for Scientific Discovery
Hiroaki Kitano

[Abstract]

This article proposes a new grand challenge for AI reasearch: to develop AI system to make major scientific discoveries in biomedical sciences that worth Nobel Prize. There are a series of human cognitive limitations that prevents us from making accerlated scientific discoveries, particularity in biomedical sciences. As a result, scientific discoveries are left behind at the level of cottage industry. AI systems can transform scientific discoveries into highly efficient practice, thereby enable us to expand our knowledge in unprecedented way. Such system may out-compute all possible hypotheses and may redefine the nature of scientific intuition, hence scientific discovery process.