Exploring the Possibilities of Structures

Yusuke Sakai

My research centers on structural design. Structures exist everywhere, from micro to macro scales, and are deeply intertwined with our lives and environments. Buildings, bridges, and various forms of structures found in nature are importantl elements that support our society. Currently, my focus is on two fundamental elements of structure—“force” and “form”—which are the basic essence of structural design. These elements are critical in determining the performance and beauty of structures and are the central theme of my research. To study these elements, theoretical knowledge in geometry, structural mechanics, and numerical computation is essential. By combining these elements like gears, I aim to design innovative structures.

Aiming for Unseen Shapes and Phenomena

The motivation behind my research is rooted in the desire to realize shapes and phenomena that no one has ever seen before. My aim is to achieve a structural system that will still be in use 200 years from now. I believe that such structures will bring new possibilities to future architecture and design. I also believe in the words of the father of science fiction, Jules Verne, who said, "Anything one man can imagine, other men can make real." This philosophy drives my vision-driven research to turn imagination into reality.

The Possibilities of Structures

My research explores universal methods that make it possible to design structures that would be considered "amazing if we could freely create such shapes and mechanical properties, but it is difficult to create them in a simple way that anyone can do".

For example, the "Gauss Challenge Project" I am working on is, in short, a study of "creating versatile curved surfaces from a plane." It is named after the mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss, who referred to the problem of generating curved surfaces from a plane as a "challenging task." I am taking on this challenging problem, attempting to realize it using engineering methods. Curved surfaces can be roughly classified into three types: saddle- like shape, plane/cylinder, and dome-like shape. These are determined by the combination of two directions of curvature, known as Gaussian curvature, which describes whether the curvature on the surface is positive or negative. Saddle-like shapes and plane/cylindrical surfaces can be easily generated by deforming flat structures. For example, rolling the edge of a sheet of paper will create a cylindrical shape. On the other hand, generating a dome-like surface is more difficult, but can be achieved using structures with a negative Poisson's ratio (auxetic structures), a type of mechanical metamaterial. The term "metamaterial" comes from the Greek word "meta," meaning "beyond." Metamaterials are materials or structures with special properties that do not exist in nature. The internal geometry of these structures rather than the properties of the materials characterize their mechanical properties. For example, when compressing a structure tiled with convex hexagonal honeycombs in one direction, it expands in the orthogonal direction. However, when compressing an auxetic structure with concave hexagonal honeycombs, it shrinks in the transverse direction.  The goal of this project is to explore ways to create various types of curved surfaces by utilizing these special deformations: auxetic and non-auxetic.

Additionally, as a potential application of structures like metamaterials, I believe that in the future, structures could be used as computational resources, with possible applications in the field of physical reservoir computing. This may lead to the development of computers that operate not by electricity but by deformation of the structure.

Future Directions

In the past, research was conducted in the form of designing a structure on a computer, analyzing its characteristics, and summarizing the results in a paper.  Recently, we have been using 3D printers to create intuitively designed structures and analyze their characteristics by actually touching them. In addition, I have more opportunities to present my research results not only in the form of papers, but also as concrete objects. I often receive unexpected ideas and stimulation by having people from different fields look at the actual molded structures, and this motivates me in my research. For example, I am focusing on applications to acoustic control and soft robotics using design methods based on the “force” and “form” approach to structures. Furthermore, I have also explored the potential for using deformable structures in educational toys, which has provided new possibilities for development.

I hope that my research will not just remain a challenge, but that its outcomes will extend beyond architecture and find practical applications in various real-world scenarios. I look forward to seeing how future architecture, design, and society will evolve through this work.

 

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