Childcare Technology (Hoikutech) ~Support for fulfilling childcare practices~

Shigeru Owada

What is Hoikutech?

"Hoikutech" is a newly coined term that combines "Hoiku" (meaning childcare) and "technology."

The childcare sector in Japan has traditionally been slow to keep up with changes in society. However, due to the recent impact of declining birth rates, competition among nursery schools and consolidations have increased, making it difficult for those without excellent practices to survive. In other words, improving the quality of childcare has become a major challenge for the industry.

Hoikutech aims to make it easier to address this challenge by incorporating technology.

During my university years, I majored in computer graphics, but I often felt a gap between research and real-world applications. This led me to explore other fields where I could contribute more directly to users, leading me to continue academic exploration even after joining Sony CSL.

During that period, I focused most of my efforts on smart house-related activities, particularly in content creation and backend system development. While this field was more closely tied to real-world applications than computer graphics, and I received substantialsupport from many people, I often felt constrained by the heavy communication required with the business side, which didn't align well with my research - oriented nature. I also found the field less appealing as a research subject, leading to a period of frustration.

However, in 2018, I created an application called "HoikuCam" (a childcare camera app) after participating in a contest. The idea stemmed from feedback from the childcare workers in Yokohama, Kuraki Nagata Nursery School. As I engaged further with the nursery by participating in their events and developing performance devices for their activities, I began to feel a growing interest in the childcare industry as a potential research field. I believe that it is possible to improve the quality of childcare thorough objectively analysis of children's developmental processes and reflecting on this data and implementing new practices, using advanced technologies by "Hoikutech", which introduce technology into childcare.

I believe that "baby tech," the introduction of technology into home-based childcare, differs in some ways from Hoikutech and is relatively more advanced. However, for children, both home and nursery school are part of their overall environment, and it is essential to raise them through close cooperation between the two. Hoikutech also takes this collaboration with families into account, aiming to foster a more integrated approach to childcare.

The Background for the Need for Childcare Tech

Many childcare facilities in Japan make daily efforts to improve their practices. However, the cycle of effectively enhancing these practices, such as through experiential learning or methodologies like PDCA, is not always functioning well in many settings. We believe this may be due to the following reasons.

  • Many childcare workers are not accustomed to having their practices observed or evaluated.
  • There is little room to take on new challenges during work hours.
  • A strong focus on caregiving makes it difficult to adopt a cycle of continuous improvement.

These challenges are deeply rooted and there is no quick fix for them. Additionally, we are not originally experts in childcare practices, and it would be difficult to say that we fully understand the current context, values, and constraints of the childcare industry.

However, being outsiders to the childcare industry allows us to contribute in ways that might not be possible from within. When it comes to the resistance towards observation and evaluation of one's own practices, we believe it's crucial to help practitioners understand the personal benefits. To this end, we are developing tools integrated with experiential learning, which promote better understanding of both one's own and others' practices, enabling the implementation of more effective methods.

Regarding the difficulty of taking on new challenges during work, while improving one's skills can make day-to-day tasks easier, the issue is not straightforward due to institutional factors and childcare management policies. It is essential to engage in dialogue with both management and practitioners to find tailored solutions for each site. To ensure that nursery school are willing to make time for such challenges, it is important to demonstrate that these efforts are worth the investment of their time and resources.

The term "nursing awarenesscaregiving awareness" refers to the mindset that a childcare is a place where children are safely cared for. While caregiving is undoubtedly one of the core functions of a nursery school and undeniably important, this mindset can sometimes lead to a conservative belief that as long as children are safe and secure, there is no need to improve practices. However, it is essential for any organization to evolve according to changing circumstances, and in the case of nursery school, this need for improvement will become even more pressing as competition intensifies due to the ongoing decline in birth rates. Additionally, children themselves are constantly changing. Anursery school’s other critical function should be to adapt its services to these changes, ensuring that children can continue to learn and grow in the best way possible. This dual role of nursery school—providing both caregiving and education—is captured by the term "integrating care and education" in the official childcare guidelines in Japan.

What is necessary to achieve this is regular reflection on daily practices, gaining insights from those reflections, and linking them to new practices—essentially the experiential learning cycle. The focus of our activities is how to implement this experiential learning cycle in childcare settings and to provide the tools needed to facilitate that process.

In 2020, I obtained my childcare certification and gained four years of experience working part-time at Kuraki Nagata Nursery School. In 2022, a childcare tech team was formed within Sony CSL, which greatly expanded our capabilities. We moved beyond just developing research prototypes to focusing on development for social implementation and building external relationships.

Discovering the field of childcare has brought me great fulfillment, as I can apply my knowledge not just for the sake of research, but for real, visible people. While there are certainly challenges, I am eager to contribute, even in a small way, to this field.

The Hoikutech team is working on the following research topics.

Evaluate childcare activities and provide feedback to practitioners to ensure effective daily learning cycles

Experiential learning, as proposed by John Dewey (1859–1952), has been refined through practical application in various fields and continues to serve as a foundational theory for understanding how people learn through hands-on activities. Prominent researchers who have contributed to the development of experiential learning include Donald Schön (1930–1997) and David Kolb (1939–). Our approach, however, places particular emphasis on reflection, and we base our work on Korthagen's (1949–) ALACT model. Together with experts in reflection, we are developing tools that can be effectively used in the field.

In the ALACT model, reflecting on actions and gaining awareness of essential aspects is both crucial and challenging. To make this reflection process more efficient, concrete, and objective, we provide technological support by recording videos during field activities, allowing practitioners to input triggers for reflection or add notes afterward. Additionally, through continuous AI-based analysis of videos and spoken interactions, we can automatically identify key moments and embed reflection into daily practice.

We also sometimes facilitate reflection sessions ourselves, so we are honing our skills in that area as well. Our ultimate goal is to improve field activities, so we are not strictly tied to using either automated or manual methods. We aim to combine various approaches as needed to achieve the best results.

Extracting the skills of childcare workers and using them to enhance the abilities of both themselves and their fellow practitioners.

The skills of childcare workers are often underestimated. It is widely recognized that it takes a significant amount of time and experience to develop the ability to observe multiple children while balancing caregiving (ensuring safety and security) with education (promoting physical and mental development).

The skills required in childcare, where situations change constantly and no two moments are the same, are difficult to abstract and verbalize, which creates barriers to efficient learning. To address this, we facilitate discussions based on specific scenarios and use VR technology to highlight differences in individual actions and beliefs, making these childcare skills more visible. This allows us to develop tools that enhance learning efficiency.

Collaborate with families and share information to improve the overall child-rearing environment

While our primary focus is currently on supporting nursery school, it is essential to recognize that both home and nursery school are equally important and inseparable in a child's life. The childcare guidelines clearly state that "nursery school... should integrate caregiving and education in close cooperation with families," highlighting the importance of strong collaboration between nursery school and homes.

We are working on developing technologies that facilitate two-way sharing of insights gained from the childcare environment with families, and conversely, sharing relevant information from the home with nursery school. This approach aims to create comprehensive support for childcare in all aspects of a child's life.

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